Chapter-4
I
HAVE A DREAM
-Martin Luther King Jr.
➤Martin Luther King Jr. was born in 1929 and died in 1968.
➤He
was a civil rights activist and led the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
➤He
was influenced by Gandhiji and also supported non-violence
➤In
1964, Martin Luther King became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Prize.
➤He
was assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee.
➤His
important works include Strength to Love, Stride toward Freedom: The Montgomery
Story, Why We Can’t Wait, Where do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?
In this speech he raised his voice against American government as American government was not in favour of them. Actually one hundred years ago, the great President of America Abraham Lincoln, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This proclamation freed all Negro slaves. But one hundred years later Negroes are not free. They live in ghettos and find no justice. He says that they had to live life of deported persons though they are native. he says that the Negro cannot wait any longer. The movement will continue unabated till the Negro gets justice.
Martin Luther has a dream that one day Negroes will get freedom. He has a dream that one day all of them- black people and white people will sing together, “we are free.”
Objective Question
1. Martin
Luther king was born in…………
a)1929
b)1918
c)1968
d)1999
2. Martin Luther
King died in……………….
a)1968
b)1980
c)1999
d)1989
3. Martin
Luther king got the Nobel prize in…………
a)1962
b)1964
c)1966
d)1976
4. Martin Luther king delivered speech in…………
a)1961
b)1963
c)1965
d)1967
5. Martin
Luther king delivered speech in………..
a)Washington
b)Chicago
c)Hyderabad
d)New
York
6. Martin
Luther was influenced by …………
a)Zakir
b)Gandhiji
b)bahadur Singh
d)Nehruji
7. Strength to
Love, The Montgomery Story is written by………….
a)Bertrand Russel
b)Martin Luther
c)Germaine Greer
d)John
Donne
8. Stride
toward Freedom, Where do we go from here, Why we can’t wait, Chaos or Community
is written by......
a)Bertrand Russell
b)Martin Luther King
c)Germaine Greer
d)Kamala
Das
9. Martin
Luther King Jr. belonged to………………
a)the USA
b)Kenya
c)India
d)Africa
10.‘I have a dream’ is a part of speech delivered by……………..
a)Zakir Hussain
b)Martin Luther King Jr.
c)J.L. Nehru
d)Gandhiji
11. The condition of the…………..was appalling.
a)French
b)Hispanics
c)Negroes
d)Indian
12.……………….was a great orator.
a)Martin Luther King Jr.
b)Shiga Naoya
c)Germaine Greer
d)Kamala
Das
13.“I have a dream’ is written by………….
a)Shiga Naoya
b)Martin Luther King
c)Zakir Hussain
d)Daruwala
14.Martin Luther King Jr. was a……………..
a)singer
b)professor
c)poet
d)civil
right activists
15.…………………advocates non-violent struggle.
a)Kamala Das
b)Pearl S.Buck
c)Martin Luther
d)Bertrand
Russell
16.Martin Luther King Jr. loves the white………………..
a)American
b)African
c)Indian
d)Pakistani
17.Martin Luther was a……………..
a)Indian
b)Korean
c)Negroe
d)African
18.…………..is sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression.
a)Mississippi
b)Mexico
c)Nevada
d)Georgia
19.Let freedom ring from the stone mountain of………….
a)Georgia
b)Alps
c)Allas
d)Nevada
20.………………..is a desert state of the USA.
a)Las Vegas
b)Mississippi
c)Louisiana
d)None
of these
21.Negroes are the former……………..of America.
a)slaves
b)sweeper
c)kings
d)none
of these
22.Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on April 4, ………………in
Memphis.
a)1966
b)1968
c)1970
d)1990
23.…………….has given the Negroes people a bad cheque which has come
back marked insufficient funds.
a)Africa
b)America
c)France
d)India
24.Nobel Prize for Peace was given to Martin Luther King Jr. in…………
a)1964
b)1990
c)1970
d)1989
25.Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his speech in Washington DC on
August………
a)25, 1963
c)28,1963
c)12,1964
d)16,
1966
26.Who raised voice against American government…….
a)Mahatma Gandhi
b)Zakir Hussain
b)Martin Luther King
d)Nehru
Short Question Answer
1. What
was Martin Luther King’s dream? Elaborate.
Ans. Martin
Luther King believed in the ultimate reconciliation between the Americans and
the Negroes. It was the idea of reconciliation that he expressed by reiterating
his dream in various details. He had the dream of the American nation rising up
and following its creed of equality in true sense. He also had the vision of
complete fraternity.
2. ‘This is our hope’. What is the hope?
Ans. The hope is that the discrimination between the Negroes and the whites
will end. Someday the sons of the former slaves and the sons of former
slave-owerns will sit together like brothers.
3. What
is their pledge?
Ans. The
Negroes have made a sacred pledge to march forward and continue their struggle.
They will be satisfied only when they receive justice in every field of life.
4. What
are the ‘trials and tribulations’ the author talks about?
Ans. In
their quest for justice some of the Negroes were prosecuted, beaten up by the
police and sent to jail. The author is talking about these trials and
tribulations.
5. If
America is to be a great nation what must become true.
Ans. If
America is to be great nation, it must be a land of freedom for all her
citizens, black and white.
Line Explanation
1. “We
can't be satisfied as long as the Nigro’s basic
mobility is from a smaller Ghetto to a larger one.”
Ans. The
given sentence has been taken from “I Have A Dream.” Here the orator Martin
Luther King Jr wants some change in the life of Negros slave are leading hard
life. According to him they must go to the large place from the small Ghetto.
2. “And
as we walk, we make pledge that we shall always march ahead.”
Ans. The
given sentence has been taken from “I Have A Dream” which is written by Martin
Luther King Jr. He says that the pledge is to continuously march ahead towards
the path of freedom, social justice and equality of civil rights for all the
people of nation irrespective of their cast, colour and creed.
Hindi Summary
लगभग एक सौ वर्ष पहले
अमेरिका के महान् राष्ट्रपति अब्राहम लिंकन ने मुक्ति घोषणा पत्र पर हस्ताक्षर किए
थे । इस घोषणा ने सभी नीग्रो गुलामों को मुक्त कर दिया था । उनको अमेरिका के
नागरिकों के रूप में पूरे अधिकार और न्याय का वचन दिया गया था ।
नीग्रो मुक्त नहीं हैं
गुलामी से मुक्ति के एक सौ वर्ष पश्चात्
भी नीग्रो स्वतंत्र नहीं हैं । वे गंदी बस्तियों में रहते हैं । वे अलगाव में रहते
हैं । उन्हें कोई न्याय नहीं मिलता है । वे दयनीय निर्धनता में जीते हैं ।
तकाज़ा
मार्टिन लूथर का भाषण
अमेरिकी राष्ट्र को सशक्त तकाजा है । वह कहते है कि नीग्रो से किए गए वादे पूरे
नहीं किए गए हैं । अमेरिका में न्याय है, परन्तु नीग्रो उससे वंचित हैं, वहाँ समृद्धि है परन्तु नीग्रो निर्धनता
में जीते हैं; वे अलगाव में जीते हैं जैसे कि उन्हें
अपने ही देश में देश- निकाला मिला हुआ
परिस्थिति की तात्कालिता
मार्टिन लूथर कहते है कि
नीग्रो और प्रतीक्षा नहीं कर सकते । आंदोलन बिना क्षीण हुए चलता रहेगा । जब तक
नीग्रो को न्याय प्राप्त नहीं हो जाता पीछे नहीं मुड़ेंगे । वह कहते है कि जो
समझते हैं कि आंदोलन शीघ्र पराजित हो जाएगा , उन्हें झंझोड़ कर
जगाना पड़ेगा । यदि नीग्रो को नागरिकता के अधिकार प्राप्त नहीं होते, विद्रोह चलता
रहेगा , और राष्ट्र की नींव तक हिला देंगे ।
लोगों को संदेश
मार्टिन लूथर अपने लोगों से
कहते है कि उन्होंने न्याय प्राप्त करने के लिए बहुत कष्ट सहे हैं । कुछ पर अभियोग
लगाए गए, पीटे गए और जेल में डाल दिये गये । वह उनसे आग्रह करते है कि वे अपना संघर्ष
इस विश्वास से जारी रखें कि अकारण कष्ट सहना मुक्तिप्रद होता है । वह लोगों से कहते
है कि वे अपने संघर्ष में कोई बुरा या कोई हिंसा न करें, और कुछ भी ऐसा न करें जिससे किसी प्रकार घृणा या कटुता पैदा हो । वह उन्हें
स्मरण कराता है कि श्वेत लोग उनके मित्र हैं, उनके शत्रु नहीं हैं
।
मेरा एक सपना है
मार्टिन लूथर को विश्वास है
कि कठिनाइयों और कुंठाओं के बावजूद, परिस्थितियाँ बदलेंगी
। वह कहते है कि उसका एक सपना है । वह कहते है कि एक दिन आएगा जब अन्याय और भेदभाव
समाप्त हो जाएँगे । भूतपूर्व गुलाम - मालिकों के बेटे और भूतपूर्व गुलामों के
बेटे एक साथ भाईचारे से बैठेंगे । उसका सपना है कि एक दिन
काले लड़के-लड़कियों के साथ श्वेत लड़के- लड़कियाँ हाथों में हाथ पकड़ेंगे । उसका
सपना है कि एक दिन वे सभी–काले व श्वेत लोग, इकठे मिलकर गाएँगे, "हम स्वतंत्र हैं ।"
