IDEAS
THAT HAVE HELPED MANKIND
-Bertrand
Rusell
“Ideas That Have Helped Mankind”
is an essay written by Bertrand Russell. He was born on 18 May 1872 in United
Kingdom was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, writer,
social critic, political activist and Nobel laureate.
In this essay writer has explained about the ideas which have helped mankind.
He says that we are civilized today but thousands of years ago we were
uncivilized. We were living in jungles and caves like animal. But today we are
civilized. We have pleasure of alcohol, music, poetry, game, etc but animals
don’t have. It is intellect and moral qualities which makes us different from
animals. He says that it is not known when the language started but it must be
certain that it began very gradually without the language it would have been
very difficult to pass information from one generation to next generation. It
would also be very difficult to known about the inventions and discoveries that
were made time to time. The Second great step is the utilization of fire
because earlier people used fire only for their protection. It is assumed that
a child might have thrown a piece of meat into fire and for that he might have
been scolded. When it might have been taken out it was found to be much better
so the long history of cookery began. These all are the ideas which have helped
mankind.
Objective
Questions & Answers
1.
Bertrand
Russell was born in……….
a)1872 b)1970 c)1980
2.
Bertrand
Russsell sied in………….
a)1960 b)1980 c)1970
3.
We are able
to get variety of enjoyment due to………….
a)our physical strength b)our
riches c)our
intelligence
4.
After
language the second most important thing which helped mankind was……..
a)gold b)silver c)fire
5.
The taming
of domestic animals made life…………
a)pleasanter b)fearful c)harmful
6.
“Ideas that
have helped mankind’ is written by……….
a)Martin Luther King b)Gandhiji c)Bertrand Russell
7.
Russell was awarded
Nobel Prize for…………
a)philosophy b)literature c)medicine
8.
Survival for
homosapiens primarily was………..
a)a problem b)never
a problem c)both of them
9.
Birds die of
hunger in large numbers……
a)during summer b)during
rainy c)during
winter
10.
During
summer birds……….
a)remember this catastrophe b)forget
this catastrophe c)fear
from this
11.
Animals get
pleasure from………….
music b)football
c)none
12.
Bertrand
Russell was a…………..
a)American Philosopher b)Indian
philosopher c)British philosopher
13.
Bertrand Russell
was……………
a)historian & mathematician b)doctor c)poet
14.
Bertrand
Russell got the Nobel Prize in……….
a)1845 b)1945 c)1950
15.
Who is known
as one of the world’s be intellectuals…
a)Bertrand Russel b)Martin c)Gadhiji
16.
A History of
Western Philosophy, Human Knowledge, Why I am not Christian is written by…..
a)Bertrand Russell b)Shiga
Noaya c)John Donne
17.
The
invention of………………..was more important than domestication of animals.
a)agriculture b)weapons c)vehicle
18.
Civilization
taught us……………
a)to be uncivilized b)to be
human c)to be violent
19.
………………was
also a commentator on a large variety of topics:
a)S.C. Bose b)Bertrand Russell c)Dr. Rajendra Prasad
20.
Bertrand
Russell was a philosopher and a……………………
a)historian b)writer b)politician
Short
Answer Questions
1.
How did the
domestication of animals start?
ans. The domestication of animals started under the influence of religion and
the needs of agricultural and domestic life.
2.
What are the
two broad categories of ideas that have helped mankind?
Ans. The first category of idea contributes to knowledge and technique and the
second category of idea contributes to moral and politics.
3.
Has
civilization taught us to be more friendly towards one another?
Ans. Yes civilization has taught men to be friendly towards one another. Bertrand
Russell says, that Robins peck an elderly robin to death; but men give elderly
4.
What was the
condition of man in the beginning?
Ans. The condition of man in the beginning was misereable. He led a nomadic
life and lived in caves and jungles. He was afraid of wild animals. He did not
know how to prepare his food.
5.
What was the
role of the fire in our development?
Ans. The invention of fire proved a milestone in our development .It created
light in darkness and protected us from wild animals. Later on, it resulted in
the art of cookery.
Explainthe
following
1.
Has civilization taught us to be more friendly towards one
another. The answer is easy. Robins peck an elderly robin to death, whereas men
give an elderly man old age pension.
Ans. The author emphasize that civilization has made us intellectual and
cultured. It has upgraded our moral qualities and has taught us to be
morefriendly towards one another. The author cites an example of Robin’s an
English species of birds who peck their
elderlyRobin to death whereas men respect elderly people and pay them and old
age pension.
2.
Another great step, which may have come either before or after
beginning of language was the utilization of fire.
Ans. The initiation of the language helped the civilization to flourish without
would have been difficult to carry over the invention and discoveries from
generation to generation. However the utilization of fire was equally
considered essential for the civilization to flourish for various purposes the
fire was utilized
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