Indian Civilization and Culture Question Answer || Bihar Board Class 12th English 100 Marks || Ashraf Raza

Bihar Board Class 12th English 100 Marks

Rainbow Part-2

Chapter-1

 Indian Civilization and Culture

Mahatma Gandhi

Short Answer Questions

1. Why is he thankful to modern civilization?

Ans. He thankful to the modern civilization for teaching him to discard it at any costs.

2. Why does Gandhi Ji say that “mind is a restless bird”? What makes mind restless?

Ans. Gandhiji says that needs of mind are unending and indulgence of mind in our passions makes it restless.

3. How did our ancestors enjoy true Home Rule?

Ans. They disliked courts and lawyers. They settled their disputes without going to courts. In that way they enjoyed true Home Rule.

4. What is civilization in the real sense of the term?

Ans. Civilization, in the real sense of the term is the deliberate and voluntary restriction of wants. This alone increases and promotes contentment, real happiness and capacity for service.

5. What do you know about Gandhiji?

Ans. I know Gandhiji as Bapu and as Mahatma. He is called Bapu because he was the father of nation. He is called Mahatma because he was a great soul or saint.

6. How did our ancestors view large cities? Why were they satisfied with small villages?

Ans. They viewed large cities as snares and useless encumbrances, having gangs of thieves, robbers and prostitutes. Their village fulfilled all their needs. So they were satisfied with small villages.

7. What is the distinguishing characteristic of modern civilization?

Ans. The distinguishing characteristic of modern civilization is an indefinite multiplicity of human wants.

8. Why did our ancestors dissuade us from luxuries and pleasures? Did they do right thing?

Ans. Our ancestors knew that possessions don’t contribute to happiness. The rich were worried about finding means of increasing their material wealth. On the other hand, the poor were contented and happy. That why, our ancestors dissuade us from luxuries and pleasures. And they were right in doing so.

9. What other civilizations does he refer to while highlighting the vitality of Indian Civilization?

Ans. He refers to the civilizations of Rome, Greece, Japan and China, which are now destroyed or have become westernized. Indian Civilization is still alive.

10. What, according to author is modern civilization?

Ans. According to Gandhiji modern civilization is the worship of materialism and violence and brutality.

11. Has Civilization taught us to be more friendly towards one another?

Ans. In a herd we are more friendly towards each other but towards those who are outside our herd we are still very ferocious.

Explain the following

1. “Civilization is that mode which points out to man

 the path of Duty.”

Ans. The given stanza has been taken from “Indian Civilization and Culture” which is written by Mahatma Gandhi. He was born in 1869. He is known as father of Nation.

                                                                                                                          Gandhiji defines Civilization that it is the mode of conduct that points out to man the path of Duty. So one can realize of one's duty to perform.

2. “I believe  that the  civilization India has evolved is not to be beaten in the world . Nothing can equal the seed sown by our ancestors. 

Ans. Gandhiji explains that India civilization is unbeatable when compared to the other civilizations of the world. Moral values taught by our ancestors is the base of our civilization and cannot be equated.

3. Observing all this our ancestors dissuaded us from luxuries and pleasures.

Ans. Our ancestors knew that luxuries and pleasures gave momentary satisfaction. Fresh cravings and desires developed immediately after the accomplishment of some wants and cycle went on making man its slave.