English Grammar: Gender (in English & Hindi)

Gender

The noun which indicates the sex or the absence of sex is called gender.
वह noun जो लिंग या लिंग के अभाव को दर्शाता हो उसे gender कहा जाता है|

There are four types of gender.
Gender चार प्रकार के होते हैं |

                                                       1.     Masculine Gender

                                                       2.     Feminine Gender

                                                       3.     Common Gender

                                                       4.     Neuter Gender

Masculine Gender: A noun which denotes a male is called masculine gender.
वह noun जो पुरुष-जाति को दर्शाता हो उसे masculine gender कहा जाता है |

Example:
Boy, lion,  Shyam, man, king, actor, etc.

Feminine Gender: A noun which denotes a female is called feminine gender.
वह noun जो स्त्री- जाति को दर्शाता हो उसे feminine gender कहा जाता है |

Example:-
Girl, goat, mother, sister, cow, etc.

Common Gender: A noun which denotes either a male or a female is called common noun.
वह noun जो male या female दोनों  को दर्शाता हो उसे common gender कहा जाता है |

Example:-
Child, teacher, student, friend, parents, etc.

Neuter Gender:  A noun which denotes a thing that is neither male nor female is called neuter gender. वह noun जो न तो male न ही female को दर्शाता हो उसे neuter gender कहा जाता है |

Example:-
Book, pen, room, tree, oil, crow, ant, bench, etc.

Way of Forming the Feminine Gender

     1.     By using an entirely different word.
नए शब्दों का प्रयोग करके feminine बनाया जाता है 

Example:-

Masculine	Feminine
Boy	Girl
Boar	Sow
Brother	Sister
Bridegroom	Bride
Buck	Doe
Bull	Cow
Cock	Hen
Dog	Bitch
Drake	Duck
Earl	Countess
Father	Mother
Fox	Vixen
Gander	Geese
Gentleman	Lady
Horse	Mare
Husband	Wife
King	Queen
Man	Woman
Monk	Nun
Nephew	Niece
Ram	Ewe
Uncle	Aunt

      2.     By adding a syllable ‘ess’to the masculine gender.

      कुछ शब्दों में "ess" जोड़कर feminine बनाया जाता है 

Example:-

Masculine	Feminine
Author	Authoress
Baron	Baroness
Count	Countess
Giant	Giantess
Heir	Heiress
Host	Hostess
Jew	Jewess
Lion	Lioness
Mayor	Mayoress
Patron	Patroness
Poet	Poetess
Priest	Priestess

     3.     By adding ‘ess’ after dropping the vowel of the masculine ending.
कुछ शब्दों के अंतिम vowel हटा कर "ess" जोड़कर feminine बनाया जाता है|

Example:-

Masculine	Feminine
Actor	Actress
Conductor	Conductress
Emperor	Empress
Enchanter	Enchantress
Founder	Foundress
Hunter	Huntress
Instructor	Instructress
Master	Mistress
Prince	Princess
Sorcerer	Sorceress
Tiger	Tigress
Waiter	Waitress

     4.     By changing a word before or after.
कुछ शब्दों के पहले या आखिर वाले शब्द को change करके feminine बनाया जाता है|

Example:-

Masculine	Feminine
Bull-calf	Cow-calf
Grandfather	Grandmother
Grandson	Granddaughter
Milkman	Milkmaid
Landlord	Landlady
Manservant	Maidservant
Peacock	Peahen
Salesman	Saleswoman